Tuesday, April 18, 2006

Elevator Design Problem


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    Table of Contents

    0. Introduction

    The aim of this tutorial is to show how to use UML in "real" software development environment.
    1. Elevator Problem

    A product is to be installed to control elevators in a building with m floors. The problem concerns the logic required to move elevators between floors according to the following constraints:

    • Each elevator has a set of m buttons, one for each floor. These illuminate when pressed and cause the elevator to visit the corresponding floor. The illumination is canceled when the elevator visits the corresponding floor.
    • Each floor, except the first floor and top floor has two buttons, one to request and up-elevator and one to request a down-elevator. These buttons illuminate when pressed. The illumination is canceled when an elevator visits the floor and then moves in the desired direction.
    • When an elevator has no requests, it remains at its current floor with its doors closed.


    2. Unified Modeling Language

    UML is a modeling language that only specifies semantics and notation but no process is currently defined. Thus, we decided to do the analysis as follows;

    • Use Case Diagram
    • Class Diagram
    • Sequence Diagram
    • Collabration Diagram
    • State Diagram
    3. Analysis

    3.1. Use case diagram

    Use case description:

    • A generalized description of how a system will be used.
    • Provides an overview of the intended functionality of the system.
    • Understandable by laymen as well as professionals.
    Use Case Diagram:

    Elevator basic scenario that can be extracted from Use Case Diagram:

    • Passenger pressed floor button
    • Elevator system detects floor button pressed
    • Elevator moves to the floor
    • Elevator doors open
    • Passenger gets in and presses elevator button
    • Elevator doors closes
    • Elevator moves to required floor
    • Elevator doors open
    • Passenger gets out
    • Elevator doors closes

    3.2. Class Diagram

    Class diagrams show the static structure of the object, their internal structure, and their relationships.

    Class diagram:


    3.3. State diagram

    A state diagram shows the sequences of states an object goes through during it's life cycle in response to stimuli, together with its responses and actions.


    4. Design

    The design phase should produce the detailed class diagrams, collaboration diagrams, sequence diagrams, state diagrams, and activity diagram. However, the elevator problem is too simple for an activity diagram. Thus, we are not using an activity diagram for the elevator problem.

    4.1. Sequence Diagram

    A sequence diagram and collaboration diagram conveys similar information but expressed in different ways. A Sequence diagram shows the explicit sequence of messages suitable for modeling a real-time system, whereas a collobration diagram shows the relationships between objects.

    Sequence Diagrams:

    Sequence Diagram for Serving Elevator Button

    Sequence Diagram for Serving Door Button


    4.2. Collaboration diagram
    • Describes the set of interactions between classes or types
    • Shows the relationships among objects
    Collabration diagrams:
    Collabration Digaram for Serving Elevator Button
    Collabration Digaram for Serving Door Button

    5. Detail Design

    5.1. Detail Class Diagram


    5.2. Detail Operation Description

      Module Name Elevator_Control::Elevator_control_loop
      Module Type Method
      Input Argument None
      Output Argument None
      Error Message None
      File Access None
      File Change None
      Method Invoke button::illuminate, button::cancel_illumination,
      door::open, door::close, elevator::move, elevator::stop
      Narative

    5.3. Pseudo-Code
      void elevator_control (void)
      {
      while a button has been pressed
      if button not on
      {
      button::illuminate;
      update request list;
      }
      else if elevator is moving up
      {
      if there is no request to stop at floor f
      Elevator::move one floor up;
      else


      }


      6. Acknowledgement

      This example was developed for topic in software engineering in Vanderbilt University by myself and my best friends:

3 comments:

Rakesh said...

Really useful some one like me (newbea in design) but the diagrams are not visible.

Notes said...

Thanks Kalyan! Great Post! But the diagrams are not available.

Notes said...
This comment has been removed by the author.